rowland bussell



(No Model.) I

S. H. RUSSELL.

SASH BALANCE. V F/ No. 297,720. Patented A r; 29., 84.

UNITED STATES, PATENT ()rr ca.

S. HOWLAND RUSSELL, OF NEW YORK, N Y.

SASH-BALANCE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 297,720, dated April29, 1884. 2

Application filed January 11, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, S. HOWLAND RUssnLL, of New York city, New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Devices for Raising andLowering VVindow- Sashes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of devices for opening or closingtheupper or lower this latter patent I showed two cords, by'pulling one ofwhich the lower or upper sash might be opened, while the pulling of theother would raise or close the upper sash, whereas the lower sash wasclosed in the usual way by the direct action of the hand. In my presentimprovement, however, I provide one cord, termed the opening-cord, whichwill enable either sash to be opened with agreat mechanical advantage,owing to a compoundpulley arrangement of the cord, and in addition tothis I use two other cords, termed closing-cords, one of which enablesthe upper sash to be closed, and the other acts to close the lower sash.Clamps are arranged to hold either of the closing-cords, so that whenthe opening-cord is pulled it will open whichever sash is released byits clamp. This forms a comparatively simple arrangement of cords, whichenables both sashes to be raised or lowered withease, which is amorecompact arrangement than any heretofore devised; and my inventionthereforeconsists in the combined features here outlined, as hereinafterfullyset forth.

In the drawings annexed, Figure 1 presents a front elevation of a windowprovided with my improved sash-operating devices. Fig. 2 is a verticalsection thereof, and Fig. 3 a crosssection on line 00 00 of Fig. 2.

In these views, A indicates the windowframe; F, the lower sash, and Gthe upper sash, the said sashes being guided and'balanced in thewindow-frame in the usual manner.

Now, a and c indicate what I term the closing-cords, and b theopening-cord. The opening-cord b hangs at one end free for manipulationat one side of the window, as indicated by the arrow, thence passes upto the top of the upper sash and over a sheave on a pulley, d, fixed tothe top of the upper sash, thence around the top of said sheaveand downto the top of the lower sash, where it passes around a pulley, e, fixedthereto, thence rises and passes over a second'sheave on the upperpulley, d, and continues across the top of the upper sash, and passesover and around a second pulley, d, fixed on said sash, and thence downand around a second pulley, e, on the lower sash, while its terminal endis finally fixed to the top of the upper sash or to the frame of thepulley d,- hence it will be.

seen that there are four loops in the openingcord 12, that two pass overthe pulleys of the upper sash, and two around the pulleys of the lowersash. Consequently, by pulling down on the cord 1), as indicated by thearrow in Figs. 1 and 2, either the lower sash may be raised or the uppersash lowered, according as which- I ever of the closing-cords a c isfreed, andthe hand in thus pulling the cord will therefore have amechanical advantage of four to one over the sashes by reason of thecompound- .pulley arrangement provided by the four loops aforesaid;hence the sashes may be operated with great ease, which is of importancein the case of heavy sashes in large houses 'or public buildings.

Now, a is the closing-cord which pertains to the upper sash, and c theclosing-cord which pertains to the lower sash. This latter cord 0 isfixed at one end to one side of the windowframe, as shown at f in Figs.1 and 2, thence passes over pulleys g g on the top of thelower sash andcontinues down on the opposite side ICO 1 under sheaves in the pulleys dd of the upper sash, thence rises and passes over a pulley, 7c,

fixed to the top of the window-frame, and continues downward therefromand passes under a second cam or clamp lever, Z, fixed to thewindow-frame adjacent to the first clamp, h, the end of the said cordhanging free for ma nipulation like the others.

Assuming, 110w, that both sashes are closed and the closing-cords a cdrawn tight and the clamps h Z depressed or tightened, so as to firmlyhold the cords, it will therefore be readily seen that neither sash canbe opened without straining or breaking the cords a c, and hence thesaid cords form an additional safeguard in holding the sashes closed.If, now, itis desired to open either sash, then the clamp is released onthe cord of the sash which it is desired to open and the opening-cord I)pulled down, when the sash thus released will be at once opened with agreat mechanical advantage, as before described-that is, if the clamp hof the lower cord, 0, is released, then the lower sash will be raised,whereas if the clamp Z of the upper cord, a, is released, then the uppersash will be lowered; hence by this arrangement one set of pulleys andcord acts on both sashes with great advantages. If both clamps arereleased, then both sashes may be opened to the desired extent by aproper manipulation of the cords b and a, as will be readily understood.

It will be seen that while the opening-cord 1) acts with an advantage offour to one on either of the sashes, the cords a 0 each act with anadvantage of two to one on their respective sashes; hence when bothsashes are open the cords a 0 may be seized together and drawn down,when, their rates of motion being equal, both sashes will besimultaneously closed at one action. If desired, both free ends of thecords a 0 may be connected together, forming a continuous loop forgreater neatness or convenience. The opening-cord b may also be providedwith aclamp like h Z, so that the upper sash may be held suspended oropen at any desired adjustment by tightening said clamp on the cord; butit is not thought necessary. It will be also understood that any otherform of clamp may be used to hold the cords a c besides the form ofcam-levershown.

Instead of having the opening-cord bin a double loop, engaging with twosets of pulleys on the sashes, whereby aquadruple ratio is obtained, itmay be arranged in but one loop, to pass overone set of pulleys arrangedat the middle of the sashes, instead of at each side, and thus obtain adouble ratio-that is, a ratio of two to one-but the quadruplearrangement is preferred.

Instead of employing clamps to hold the closing-cords of the sashes,clamps may be employed to hold the sashes themselves with like effect,as will be understood.

I am of course aware that various arrangements of pulleys and cords foroperating the sashes besidesthat shown in my former patent have beenheretofore devised. I am not, however, aware that an opening-cord hasbeen heretofore used passing in a loop from a palley on one sash to apulley on the other sash, whereby both sashes are operatively engaged bythe same cord, and either of which may be opened by pulling said cord. Ialso believe that the clamps to hold the respective sashes closed, or tohold the closing-cords of said sashes in combination with the saidopeningcord, is peculiar to my invention, as is also the particulararrangement of the closingcords and their pulleys.

It will be obvious that while I prefer to use the several features of myinvention in combination on the same window, yet they may be usedseparately, if desired.

Instead of pulling the ends of the cords directly by hand, a little reelmay be employed for winding them up, if desired.

Vhat I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, with thewindow-frame and the upper sash, of the closing-cord a, fixed at one endto the frame depending in a loop therefrom, and passing under pulleys onthe upper sash, thence over a pulley, 76, fixed to the frame, and thencedepending therefrom for manipulation, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a window-frame and the lower sash, of theclosing-cord c, fixed at one end to the frame, and passing over apulley, g, on the sash, and thence depending for manipulation,substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, with a window-framc and its upper and lower sashes,of the two pulleys d d, affixed to the top of the upper sash, and thetwo pulleys e c, affixed to the top of the lower sash, with theopening-cord b fixed at one end to one of the sashes, thence passing insuccessive loops over the respective pulleys, and finally depending formanipulation, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

S. HOWLAND RUSSELL.

Witnesses:

CHAS. M. HIGGINS, Jxo. E. GAVIN.

